Heat-induced morphological changes in silver nanowires deposited on a patterned silicon substrate

• Elyad Damerchi,
• Sven Oras,
• Edgars Butanovs,
• Allar Liivlaid,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Boris Polyakov,
• Annamarija Trausa,
• Veronika Zadin,
• Andreas Kyritsakis,
• Loïc Vidal,
• Karine Mougin,
• Siim Pikker and
• Sergei Vlassov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 435–446, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.39

• process, fragmentation in either adhered or suspended parts can dominate. Experiments were supported by finite element method and molecular dynamics simulations. Keywords: diffusion; finite element method; heat treatment; molecular dynamics simulations; morphological changes; scanning electron microscopy

• were then heated to different temperatures in air, and the behavior of suspended as opposed to the adhered part under heating was compared. Experiments are supplemented with molecular dynamics (MD) and finite element method (FEM) simulations. Materials and Methods Preparation of samples Silver NWs with

• NWs occur via surface diffusion without the loss of crystal structure. Hypothesis and simulations Hypothesis and finite element method simulations According to our understanding, there are several key aspects that should be considered in order to explain the results of the heat-treatment experiments

Design, fabrication, and characterization of kinetic-inductive force sensors for scanning probe applications

• August K. Roos,
• Ermes Scarano,
• Elisabet K. Arvidsson,
• Erik Holmgren and
• David B. Haviland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 242–255, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.23

• either the sideband-resolved or sideband-unresolved regime. For the given thickness, we simulate the eigenfrequencies of the cantilever using the finite-element method (FEM) implemented in COMSOL Multiphysics [31], with the boundary condition of a perfectly rigid clamp along the line where the plate

• resonant frequency decreases with the radial distance and with increased spread. Finite-element method simulations give an expected resonant frequency of 700 kHz. (a) Schematic of the measurement setup. The excitation signal is band-pass filtered at room temperature, attenuated at low temperature and

Spatial mapping of photovoltage and light-induced displacement of on-chip coupled piezo/photodiodes by Kelvin probe force microscopy under modulated illumination

• Zeinab Eftekhari,
• Nasim Rezaei,
• Hidde Stokkel,
• Jian-Yao Zheng,
• Andrea Cerreta,
• Ilka Hermes,
• Minh Nguyen,
• Guus Rijnders and
• Rebecca Saive

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1059–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.87

• actuators of varying sizes, namely A, B, C, and D. Only one-quarter of the devices were mapped, considering their symmetry. The experiment focused on studying the size-dependent displacement of these devices. Simulations We used COMSOL Multiphysics for the finite element method (FEM) simulations of our

Investigations on the optical forces from three mainstream optical resonances in all-dielectric nanostructure arrays

• Guangdong Wang and
• Zhanghua Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 674–682, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.53

• . The transmission spectrum through a periodic disk array and the electromagnetic fields in resonance were numerically investigated by the finite element method (FEM) implemented in the commercial software COMSOL Multiphysics. In all calculations, we investigated the generated optical forces on

Quasi-guided modes resulting from the band folding effect in a photonic crystal slab for enhanced interactions of matters with free-space radiations

• Kaili Sun,
• Yangjian Cai,
• Uriel Levy and
• Zhanghua Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 322–328, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.27

• curve for the GMs along ΓΧ and XΜ directions in the FBZ supported by the square lattice with a = 400 nm, R1 = 100 nm, and t = 220 nm. The results were obtained by using the eigenfrequency analysis and lateral Fouquet boundary conditions implemented in the commercial finite-element method software Comsol

Characterisation of a micrometer-scale active plasmonic element by means of complementary computational and experimental methods

• Ciarán Barron,
• Giulia Di Fazio,
• Samuel Kenny,
• Silas O’Toole,
• Robin O’Reilly and
• Dominic Zerulla

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 110–122, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.12

• optical and thermal data are used to inform detailed finite element method simulations for verification and to predict system responses allowing for enhanced design choices to maximise modulation depth and localisation. Keywords: active plasmonics; atomic force microscope; scanning Joule expansion

• imaging technologies and as modulators in optoelectronic couplers for photonic circuits. Finite element method (FEM) simulations are used to validate both experimental approaches, allowing for cross-verification of results and giving greater insight into the underlying physical phenomena. Surface plasmon

Double-layer symmetric gratings with bound states in the continuum for dual-band high-Q optical sensing

• Chaoying Shi,
• Jinhua Hu,
• Xiuhong Liu,
• Junfang Liang,
• Jijun Zhao,
• Haiyan Han and
• Qiaofen Zhu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1408–1417, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.116

• analysis (RCWA) [40][41] is used to design the structure of the device and analyze the spectral information, which is combined with the finite element method (FEM) [42] to compute the complex eigenfrequencies. In order to investigate the resonance properties of dielectric gratings, we used here a

Comparative molecular dynamics simulations of thermal conductivities of aqueous and hydrocarbon nanofluids

• Adil Loya,
• Antash Najib,
• Fahad Aziz,
• Asif Khan,
• Guogang Ren and
• Kun Luo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 620–628, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.54

• study was carried out with different shapes (i.e., cylinder, platelet, and sphere) of nanoparticles (Cu/Al2O3 with ethylene glycol as the base fluid) using the finite element method (FEM) in MAPLE 18.0. For mathematical modelling and simulation of hybrid nanofluids, Shah et al. [33] considered a two

Determination of elastic moduli of elastic–plastic microspherical materials using nanoindentation simulation without mechanical polishing

• Hongzhou Li and
• Jialian Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 213–221, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.17

• finite element method [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Using finite element simulation, Li et al. found that both loading curve and unloading curve at any depth can be generated from one indentation depth by scaling P ∝ h2 for the indentation tests of PMMA thin films with a Berkovich

• initial undeformed surface. It is not easy to find an explanation why different unloading curves have this relationship of P ∝ h2. In this study, the finite element method has been used to systematically investigate the mechanical behavior of nanoindentation on elastic–plastic microspherical materials

• accounting for the radial displacements, Hay et al. used the finite element method to calibrate Equation 7 and included a “correction factor” β [28]. The correction factor depends on the half-apical angle of the indenter and the Poisson’s ratio of the material where β is the correction factor, and E is the

Numerical analysis of vibration modes of a qPlus sensor with a long tip

• Kebei Chen,
• Zhenghui Liu,
• Yuchen Xie,
• Chunyu Zhang,
• Gengzhao Xu,
• Wentao Song and
• Ke Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 82–92, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.7

• the optimal diameter was found to be 0.1 mm. Keywords: finite element method; long tilted tip; noncontact atomic force microscopy; qPlus sensor; quartz tuning fork; simulations; Introduction Quartz tuning forks are widely used in the watch industry because of their low frequency offset over a wide

• than 1.2 mm in the in-phase mode would exhibit a better performance. Conclusion The oscillation characteristics of qPlus sensors with different dimensions of tungsten tips were studied by using the finite element method. The results reveal that the changes of the output current and the tuning fork

Design of V-shaped cantilevers for enhanced multifrequency AFM measurements

• Mehrnoosh Damircheli and
• Babak Eslami

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1525–1541, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.135

• dynamics of the cantilever more accurately. Wang et al. have used the finite element method (FEM) as an alternative approach to obtain the stiffness and the natural frequencies of for both rectangular and V-shaped cantilevers [9]. Additionally, other studies were done by Cleveland et al. [10] to measure

Vibration analysis and pull-in instability behavior in a multiwalled piezoelectric nanosensor with fluid flow conveyance

• Sayyid H. Hashemi Kachapi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1072–1081, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.92

• couple stress theory [29]. Liu et al. utilized a new finite element method for modeling thin structures with surface effects by using layered shell elements [30]. To the best knowledge of the author, the surface/interface effect on pull-in voltage, viscous fluid velocity effects and dimensionless natural

Transition from freestanding SnO₂ nanowires to laterally aligned nanowires with a simulation-based experimental design

• Jasmin-Clara Bürger,
• Sebastian Gutsch and
• Margit Zacharias

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 843–853, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.69

• laterally aligned nanowires, indicating that the nanowire growth takes place in a transient period of the gas exchange. Keywords: finite element method simulation; laterally aligned nanowires; planar growth; tin oxide; vapor–liquid–solid nanowire growth; Introduction Since the first reports in 1964 by

• were simulated by means of the finite element method (FEM) software COMSOL multiphysics® [24]. Tube furnace simulations for the general growth of NWs have already been presented in literature, but have focused mainly on an improved understanding of the growth of ZnO NWs and are not specialized on the

Nonclassical dynamic modeling of nano/microparticles during nanomanipulation processes

• Moharam Habibnejad Korayem,
• Ali Asghar Farid and
• Rouzbeh Nouhi Hefzabad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 147–166, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.13

• the modified couple stress theory are used to model the dynamics of cylindrical gold nanoparticles while the finite element method is utilized to solve the governing equations of motion. The results show a difference of 90% between the classical and nonclassical models in predicting the maximum

• times [2]. Shen et al. studied the dynamical behavior of dagger cantilevers using the power series and employed the finite element method (FEM) to validate the outcomes. The classical Euler–Bernoulli beam theory was used for deriving the equations of motion. They also studied the sensitivity of

Plasmonic nanosensor based on multiple independently tunable Fano resonances

• Lin Cheng,
• Zelong Wang,
• Xiaodong He and
• Pengfei Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2527–2537, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.243

• kinds of resonators and two stubs which are side-coupled to a metal–dielectric–metal (MDM) waveguide. By utilizing numerical investigation with the finite element method (FEM), the simulation results show that the transmission spectrum of the nanosensor has as many as five sharp Fano resonance peaks

• nm by the finite element method (FEM). The simulation results show that the transmission spectrum has five Fano resonances with nearly 200 nm intervals between the different modes. Thus, each Fano resonance peak can be independently and precisely tuned by changing the parameters of the corresponding

• element method (FEM), which is also comparative to MICMT. The transmittance values are calculated according to the definition of Equation 8. It is well known that the excitation of Fano resonance requires the interaction of continuous (bright) modes and discrete (dark) modes. In our design, stub1 can form

Label-free highly sensitive probe detection with novel hierarchical SERS substrates fabricated by nanoindentation and chemical reaction methods

• Jingran Zhang,
• Tianqi Jia,
• Yongda Yan,
• Li Wang,
• Peng Miao,
• Yimin Han,
• Xinming Zhang,
• Guangfeng Shi,
• Yanquan Geng,
• Zhankun Weng,
• Daniel Laipple and
• Zuobin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2483–2496, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.239

• cavities. Moreover, the Raman signals detected by arrayed pyramidal cavities with different machining feeds are also different. SERS study of the hierarchical structures based on the finite element method We verified the effect of the electric field intensity of the hierarchical structures and modeled the

Abrupt elastic-to-plastic transition in pentagonal nanowires under bending

• Sergei Vlassov,
• Magnus Mets,
• Boris Polyakov,
• Jianjun Bian,
• Leonid Dorogin and
• Vahur Zadin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2468–2476, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.237

• flexible polymer composite materials. Keywords: finite element method; mechanical properties; molecular dynamics; nanowires; Introduction Nanostructures comprised of noble metals with face centered cubic (FCC) crystal structure (Au, Ag and Cu according to the most common physical definition) prepared via

• : The cantilevered beam bending experiments were simulated using the finite element method (FEM) with COMSOL Multiphysics 5.2 solid mechanics module. For this the linear elastic material model from COMSOL was chosen. The simulations were based on a recently developed segmented pentagonal NW model [29

Deterministic placement of ultra-bright near-infrared color centers in arrays of silicon carbide micropillars

• Stefania Castelletto,
• Abdul Salam Al Atem,
• Faraz Ahmed Inam,
• Hans Jürgen von Bardeleben,
• Sophie Hameau,
• Ahmed Fahad Almutairi,
• Gérard Guillot,
• Shin-ichiro Sato,
• Alberto Boretti and
• Jean Marie Bluet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2383–2395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.229

• micropillars We model the emission of color centers in the pillars using the finite-element method COMSOL Multiphysics radio frequency module. A VSi color center is modeled as an oscillating point dipole located along the central axis of the SiC pillar. For calculations we used the index of refraction of the

• design for increased resolution and sensitivity in magnetometry using these emitters [51][52][53][62]. An optimized design based on finite-element method analysis is also proposed for the enhancement of the VSi defect emission. The optimized design is a pillar with a radius of ca. 210 nm radius and a

• in the pillar (for the longest pillar lifetime measured), τbulk/τpillar, is 0.77. Finite-element method simulation for a pillar of 4.3 µm height and a dipole orientation 8° off the c-axis. Two geometries of the pillars are considered, cylindrical (circles) and conical (triangles). (a) Radiation

On the relaxation time of interacting superparamagnetic nanoparticles and implications for magnetic fluid hyperthermia

• Andrei Kuncser,
• Nicusor Iacob and
• Victor E. Kuncser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1280–1289, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.127

• barrier ΔE* = 7.2 × 10−21 J, as estimated by Mössbauer spectroscopy, is presented in Figure 1 (red open circles). The amplitude of the AC field was 21 kA/m, as numerically estimated from the current amplitude and geometrical characteristics of the RF induction coil, by a finite element method. Figure 1

A silver-nanoparticle/cellulose-nanofiber composite as a highly effective substrate for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

• Yongxin Lu,
• Yan Luo,
• Zehao Lin and
• Jianguo Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1270–1279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.126

• SERS application. This SERS substrate is usable for the trace detection of the analyte. In order to better understand the high SERS activity of the substrate Ag-NP/cellulose-NF–C, finite element method (FEM) modeling was performed to investigate the localized electric field intensity (Emax) of the

• μL aqueous solution of the complementary nucleoside was dripped onto the corresponding paper substrate, and then the SERS spectra were measured after drying under the same experimental conditions as noted above. The finite element method (FEM) modeling of the plasmonic properties of the silver

Geometrical optimisation of core–shell nanowire arrays for enhanced absorption in thin crystalline silicon heterojunction solar cells

• Robin Vismara,
• Olindo Isabella,
• Andrea Ingenito,
• Fai Tong Si and
• Miro Zeman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 322–331, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.31

• reflectance measured by means of a Perkin Elmer LAMBDA 950 UV–vis–NIR spectrophotometer. Modelling approach Simulations of the radial heterojunction c-Si nanowire solar cell were carried out by means of a 3D Maxwell equation solver, based on the finite element method (FEM). The “High Frequency Structure

Evidence of friction reduction in laterally graded materials

• Roberto Guarino,
• Gianluca Costagliola,
• Federico Bosia and
• Nicola Maria Pugno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2443–2456, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.229

• analytically, by reducing the equation describing the contact of a rigid flat punch to a singular integral equation, and numerically, through the finite-element method [28][29]. In this paper, we extend the previous work on 1D composite surfaces [30] to 2D geometries to show how it is possible to tune the

• friction. We study this system by means of two numerical methods: a 2D spring-block model (SBM) and 3D finite-element method (FEM) simulations. The two methods are complementary in many aspects, so that by using both it is possible to cross-check the results and obtain interesting insights from different

Performance analysis of rigorous coupled-wave analysis and its integration in a coupled modeling approach for optical simulation of complete heterojunction silicon solar cells

• Ziga Lokar,
• Benjamin Lipovsek,
• Marko Topic and
• Janez Krc

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2315–2329, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.216

• time prohibitive. R1(λ) is defined as the reflectance of the tested simulation. In this study, the validation of RCWA is performed by comparison to simulation results obtained by applying different simulation techniques (finite element method (FEM) for nanotextures and RT/TMM for microtextures). In

Metal–dielectric hybrid nanoantennas for efficient frequency conversion at the anapole mode

• Valerio F. Gili,
• Lavinia Ghirardini,
• Davide Rocco,
• Giuseppe Marino,
• Ivan Favero,
• Iännis Roland,
• Giovanni Pellegrini,
• Lamberto Duò,
• Marco Finazzi,
• Luca Carletti,
• Andrea Locatelli,
• Aristide Lemaître,
• Dragomir Neshev,
• Costantino De Angelis,
• Giuseppe Leo and
• Michele Celebrano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2306–2314, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.215

• phase opposition) at the fundamental wavelength (λ = 1554 nm). We investigated the scattering characteristics of this structure at near-IR wavelengths by using finite element method (FEM) simulations in COMSOL. The incident light is a plane wave with a wave vector, k, parallel to the cylinder axis and

Nonlinear effect of carrier drift on the performance of an n-type ZnO nanowire nanogenerator by coupling piezoelectric effect and semiconduction

• Yuxing Liang,
• Shuaiqi Fan,
• Xuedong Chen and
• Yuantai Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1917–1925, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.183

• the finite element method for P from 0.7 nN to 80 nN, where the ZnO nanowire has a diameter d = 50 nm and its c-axis is oriented along the x3-direction. The material constants are given below in Equation 9 [36][37][38][39][40][41] with ε0 = 8.8542·10−12 F/ m. For a bent n-type ZNW in the linear regime